APTITUDE(8)

名前
aptitude - パッケージマネージャの高レベルインタフェース

概要

aptitude [<options>...] {autoclean | clean | forget-new | keep-all | update}

aptitude [<options>...] {full-upgrade | safe-upgrade} [<packages>...]

aptitude [<options>...] {build-dep | build-depends | changelog | download | forbid-version | hold | install | markauto | purge | reinstall | remove | show | unhold | unmarkauto | versions} <packages>...

aptitude extract-cache-subset <output-directory> <packages>...

aptitude [<オプション>...] search <パターン>...

aptitude [<options>...] {add-user-tag | remove-user-tag} <tag> <packages>...

aptitude [<options>...] {why | why-not} [<patterns>...] <package>

aptitude [-S <fname>] [--autoclean-on-startup | --clean-on-startup | -i | -u]

aptitude help

説明

aptitude は Debian GNU/Linux のパッケージシステムに対するテキストベースのインタフェースです。

ユーザはパッケージの一覧を表示したり、パッケージのインストール・更新・削除などといったパッケージ管理作業を行ったりできます。アクションはビジュアルインタフェースとコマンドラインから行えます。

COMMAND-LINE ACTIONS

ハイフン (「-」) から始まらない最初の引数は、プログラムが行うアクションだと見なされます。アクションがコマンドラインで与えられない場合、aptitude はビジュアルモードで起動します。

以下のアクションが利用可能です。

install
    Install one or more packages. The packages should be listed after the 「install」 command; if a package name contains a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated as a search pattern and every package matching the pattern will be installed (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

    To select a particular version of the package, append 「=<version>」 to the package name: for instance, 「aptitude install apt=0.3.1」. Similarly, to select a package from a particular archive, append 「/<archive>」 to the package name: for instance, 「aptitude install apt/experimental」. You cannot specify both an archive and a version for a package.

    必ずしも、コマンドラインに連ねられたパッケージすべてがインストール対象でなければいけないわけではありません。パッケージ名に「上書き指定子」を付記すると、そのパッケージに対して aptitude に別のことをさせることが可能です。例えば、aptitude remove wesnoth+ とすると、wesnoth を削除ではなくインストールできます。以下の上書き指定子が利用可能です。

    <パッケージ>+
        <パッケージ> をインストールします。

    <パッケージ>+M
        <パッケージ> をインストールし、その後すぐに、自動的にインストールされたという印をそれに添付します (<パッケージ> に依存するものがなくなった場合、そのパッケージはすぐに削除されてしまうことに注意してください)。

    <パッケージ>-
        <パッケージ> を削除します。

    <パッケージ>_
        <パッケージ> を完全削除します。すなわち、パッケージ自体とそれに関連する設定ファイルやデータファイルを削除します。

    <パッケージ>=
        <パッケージ> を固定します。すなわち、今後どのようなインストール・更新・削除を行っても、このパッケージは自動的には更新されません。

    <パッケージ>:
        <パッケージ> を現在のバージョンに一時的に固定します。つまり、インストール・削除・更新をすべて取り消します。「hold」 (前述) とは異なり、このコマンドを用いても将来パッケージが自動的に更新されなくなることはありません。

    <パッケージ>&M
        自動的にインストールされたという印を <パッケージ> に添付します。

    <パッケージ>&m
        手動でインストールされたという印を <パッケージ> に添付します。

    特別な場合として、引数を与えずに「install」を実行すると、保存されているアクションや実行されていないアクションが実行されます。

        注記
        最終確認用のプロンプトで一度 Y を入力すると、「install」コマンドは、実行するアクションに関する aptitude の保存情報を変更します。したがって、例えばコマンド「aptitude install foo bar」を発行し、aptitude がダウンロードやインストールを開始した時点でインストールを破棄する場合、その命令を取り消すために「aptitude remove foo bar」を実行する必要があります。

remove, purge, hold, unhold, keep, reinstall
    These commands are the same as 「install」, but apply the named action to all packages given on the command line for which it is not overridden. The difference between hold and keep is that hold will cause a package to be ignored by future safe-upgrade or full-upgrade commands, while keep merely cancels any scheduled actions on the package. unhold will allow a package to be upgraded by future safe-upgrade or full-upgrade commands, without otherwise altering its state.

    例えば、「aptitude remove '~ndeity'」とすると、「deity」を名前に含むパッケージがすべて削除されます。

markauto, unmarkauto
    それぞれ、自動的にインストールされた、および手動でインストールされたという印をパッケージに添付します。パッケージの指定は「install」コマンドとまったく同じ方法で行います。例えば「aptitude markauto '~slibs'」を実行すると、「libs」セクションのパッケージすべてに、自動的にインストールされたという印が添付されます。

    自動的にインストールしたパッケージについてのさらに詳しい情報は、aptitude リファレンスマニュアルの「自動的にインストールしたパッケージの管理」セクションを参照してください。

build-depends, build-dep
    Satisfy the build-dependencies of a package. Each package name may be a source package, in which case the build dependencies of that source package are installed; otherwise, binary packages are found in the same way as for the 「install」 command, and the build-dependencies of the source packages that build those binary packages are satisfied.

    If the command-line parameter --arch-only is present, only architecture-dependent build dependencies (i.e., not Build-Depends-Indep or Build-Conflicts-Indep) will be obeyed.

forbid-version
    Forbid a package from being upgraded to a particular version. This will prevent aptitude from automatically upgrading to this version, but will allow automatic upgrades to future versions. By default, aptitude will select the version to which the package would normally be upgraded; you may override this selection by appending 「=<version>」 to the package name: for instance, 「aptitude forbid-version vim=1.2.3.broken-4」.

    This command is useful for avoiding broken versions of packages without having to set and clear manual holds. If you decide you really want the forbidden version after all, 「aptitude install <package>」 will remove the ban.

update
    apt 入手先から入手可能なパッケージの一覧を更新します (これは、「apt-get update」と等価です)。

safe-upgrade
    Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version. Installed packages will not be removed unless they are unused (see the section 「Managing Automatically Installed Packages」 in the aptitude reference manual). Packages which are not currently installed may be installed to resolve dependencies unless the --no-new-installs command-line option is supplied.

    If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade every package that can be upgraded. Otherwise, aptitude will attempt to upgrade only the packages which it is instructed to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude install, so you can also give additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude safe-upgrade bash dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.

    It is sometimes necessary to remove one package in order to upgrade another; this command is not able to upgrade packages in such situations. Use the full-upgrade command to upgrade as many packages as possible.

full-upgrade
    Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version, removing or installing packages as necessary. This command is less conservative than safe-upgrade and thus more likely to perform unwanted actions. However, it is capable of upgrading packages that safe-upgrade cannot upgrade.

    If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade every package that can be upgraded. Otherwise, aptitude will attempt to upgrade only the packages which it is instructed to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude install, so you can also give additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude full-upgrade bash dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.

        注記
        This command was originally named dist-upgrade for historical reasons, and aptitude still recognizes dist-upgrade as a synonym for full-upgrade.

keep-all
    設定されていたアクションをすべてのパッケージについて取り消します。つまり、インストール・削除・更新といった面倒な状態をもったあらゆるパッケージから、そういった状態を取り除きます。

forget-new
    どのパッケージが「新規」かについての内部情報を消去します (ビジュアルモードで「f」を押すのと等価です)。

search
    Searches for packages matching one of the patterns supplied on the command line. All packages which match any of the given patterns will be displayed; for instance, 「aptitude search '~N' edit」 will list all 「new」 packages and all packages whose name contains 「edit」. For more information on search patterns, see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual.

        注記
        In the example above, 「aptitude search '~N' edit」 has two arguments after search and thus is searching for two patterns: 「~N」 and 「edit」. As described in the search pattern reference, a single pattern composed of two sub-patterns separated by a space (such as 「~N edit」) matches only if both patterns match. Thus, the command 「aptitude search '~N edit'」 will only show 「new」 packages whose name contains 「edit」.

    -F オプションを与えない場合、aptitude search の出力はこのようになります。

        i   apt                             - Advanced front-end for dpkg
        pi  apt-build                       - frontend to apt to build, optimize and in
        cp  apt-file                        - APT package searching utility -- command-
        ihA raptor-utils                    - Raptor RDF Parser utilities

    検索結果はそれぞれ異なる行に一覧表示されます。各行の第 1 文字はパッケージの現在の状態を示します。最もありふれた状態は、システムにパッケージが存在した形跡がないという意味の p、パッケージが削除されたがシステムに設定ファイルが残っているという意味の c、パッケージがインストールされているという意味の i、パッケージが仮想パッケージであるという意味の v です。第 2 文字は、パッケージに対して行うよう保存されたアクションを示します (アクションが存在する場合で、なければ空欄が表示されます)。最もありふれた状態は、パッケージがインストール予定であるという意味の i、パッケージが削除予定であるという意味の d、パッケージおよびその設定ファイルが削除予定であるという意味の p です。第 3 文字が A である場合、そのパッケージは自動的にインストールされたものです。

    For a complete list of the possible state and action flags, see the section 「Accessing Package Information」 in the aptitude reference guide. To customize the output of search, see the command-line options -F and --sort.

show
    Displays detailed information about one or more packages, listed following the search command. If a package name contains a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated as a search pattern and all matching packages will be displayed (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

    饒舌レベルが 1 以上の場合 (つまり、コマンドラインに -v が 1 つ以上与えられている場合)、そのパッケージのすべてのバージョンについて情報が表示されます。それ以外の場合は「バージョン候補」(「aptitude install」がダウンロードするバージョン) に関する情報が表示されます。

    You can display information about a different version of the package by appending =<version> to the package name; you can display the version from a particular archive or release by appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package name: for instance, /unstable or /sid. If either of these is present, then only the version you request will be displayed, regardless of the verbosity level.

    饒舌レベルが 1 以上の場合、パッケージのアーキテクチャ・圧縮サイズ・ファイル名・md5sum の各フィールドが表示されます。饒舌レベルが 2 以上の場合、各アーカイブについて、そのアーカイブがもつ 1 つ以上の選択バージョンが一度ずつ表示されます。

versions
    Displays the versions of the packages listed on the command-line.

        $ aptitude versions wesnoth
        p   1:1.4.5-1                                                             100
        p   1:1.6.5-1                                    unstable                 500
        p   1:1.7.14-1                                   experimental             1

    Each version is listed on a separate line. The leftmost three characters indicate the current state, planned state (if any), and whether the package was automatically installed; for more information on their meanings, see the documentation of aptitude search. To the right of the version number you can find the releases from which the version is available, and the pin priority of the version.

    If a package name contains a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated as a search pattern and all matching versions will be displayed (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual). This means that, for instance, aptitude versions '~i' will display all the versions that are currently installed on the system and nothing else, not even other versions of the same packages.

        $ aptitude versions '~nexim4-daemon-light'
        Package exim4-daemon-light:
        i   4.71-3                                                                100
        p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500
        Package exim4-daemon-light-dbg:
        p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500

    If the input is a search pattern, or if more than one package's versions are to be displayed, aptitude will automatically group the output by package, as shown above. You can disable this via --group-by=none, in which case aptitude will display a single list of all the versions that were found and automatically include the package name in each output line:

        $ aptitude versions --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light'
        i   exim4-daemon-light 4.71-3                                             100
        p   exim4-daemon-light 4.71-4                    unstable                 500
        p   exim4-daemon-light-dbg 4.71-4                unstable                 500

    To disable the package name, pass --show-package-names=never:

        $ aptitude versions --show-package-names=never --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light'
        i   4.71-3                                                                100
        p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500
        p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500

    In addition to the above options, the information printed for each version can be controlled by the command-line option -F. The order in which versions are displayed can be controlled by the command-line option --sort. To prevent aptitude from formatting the output into columns, use --disable-columns.

add-user-tag, remove-user-tag
    Adds a user tag to or removes a user tag from the selected group of packages. If a package name contains a tilde (「~」) or question mark (「?」), it is treated as a search pattern and the tag is added to or removed from all the packages that match the pattern (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

    User tags are arbitrary strings associated with a package. They can be used with the ?user-tag(<tag>) search term, which will select all the packages that have a user tag matching <tag>.

why, why-not
    Explains the reason that a particular package should or cannot be installed on the system.

    This command searches for packages that require or conflict with the given package. It displays a sequence of dependencies leading to the target package, along with a note indicating the installed state of each package in the dependency chain:

        $ aptitude why kdepim
        i   nautilus-data Recommends nautilus
        i A nautilus      Recommends desktop-base (>= 0.2)
        i A desktop-base  Suggests   gnome | kde | xfce4 | wmaker
        p   kde           Depends    kdepim (>= 4:3.4.3)

    The command why finds a dependency chain that installs the package named on the command line, as above. Note that the dependency that aptitude produced in this case is only a suggestion. This is because no package currently installed on this computer depends on or recommends the kdepim package; if a stronger dependency were available, aptitude would have displayed it.

    In contrast, why-not finds a dependency chain leading to a conflict with the target package:

        $ aptitude why-not textopo
        i   ocaml-core          Depends   ocamlweb
        i A ocamlweb            Depends   tetex-extra | texlive-latex-extra
        i A texlive-latex-extra Conflicts textopo

    If one or more <pattern>s are present, then aptitude will begin its search at these patterns; that is, the first package in the chain it prints will be a package matching the pattern in question. The patterns are considered to be package names unless they contain a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), in which case they are treated as search patterns (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

    If no patterns are present, then aptitude will search for dependency chains beginning at manually installed packages. This effectively shows the packages that have caused or would cause a given package to be installed.

        注記
        aptitude why does not perform full dependency resolution; it only displays direct relationships between packages. For instance, if A requires B, C requires D, and B and C conflict, 「aptitude why-not D」 will not produce the answer 「A depends on B, B conflicts with C, and D depends on C」.

    By default aptitude outputs only the 「most installed, strongest, tightest, shortest」 dependency chain. That is, it looks for a chain that only contains packages which are installed or will be installed; it looks for the strongest possible dependencies under that restriction; it looks for chains that avoid ORed dependencies and Provides; and it looks for the shortest dependency chain meeting those criteria. These rules are progressively weakened until a match is found.

    If the verbosity level is 1 or more, then all the explanations aptitude can find will be displayed, in inverse order of relevance. If the verbosity level is 2 or more, a truly excessive amount of debugging information will be printed to standard output.

    This command returns 0 if successful, 1 if no explanation could be constructed, and -1 if an error occurred.

clean
    以前ダウンロードした .deb ファイルをパッケージキャッシュディレクトリ (通常 /var/cache/apt/archives) から削除します。

autoclean
    もうダウンロードできない、キャッシュされたパッケージを削除します。これによって、完全に削除しないかぎりキャッシュが時間とともに肥大化してしまい制御できなくなる、という事態を防げます。

changelog
    指定されたソースパッケージまたはバイナリパッケージの各々について、Debian パッケージ更新履歴をダウンロードして表示します。

    By default, the changelog for the version which would be installed with 「aptitude install」 is downloaded. You can select a particular version of a package by appending =<version> to the package name; you can select the version from a particular archive or release by appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package name (for instance, /unstable or /sid).

download
    Downloads the .deb file for the given package to the current directory. If a package name contains a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated as a search pattern and all the matching packages will be downloaded (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

    By default, the version which would be installed with 「aptitude install」 is downloaded. You can select a particular version of a package by appending =<version> to the package name; you can select the version from a particular archive or release by appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package name (for instance: /unstable or /sid).

extract-cache-subset
    Copy the apt configuration directory (/etc/apt) and a subset of the package database to the specified directory. If no packages are listed, the entire package database is copied; otherwise only the entries corresponding to the named packages are copied. Each package name may be a search pattern, and all the packages matching that pattern will be selected (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual). Any existing package database files in the output directory will be overwritten.

    Dependencies in binary package stanzas will be rewritten to remove references to packages not in the selected set.

help
    利用可能なコマンドとオプションを簡潔にまとめて表示します。

オプション

以上のアクションの振る舞いを変更するのに、以下のオプションが利用可能です。どのオプションも全てのコマンドに使えますが、オプションによっては特定のコマンドに適用できず無視されます。

--add-user-tag <tag>
    For full-upgrade, safe-upgrade, forbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag> to all packages that are installed, removed, or upgraded by this command as if with the add-user-tag command.

--add-user-tag-to <tag>,<pattern>
    For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag> to all packages that match <pattern> as if with the add-user-tag command. The pattern is a search pattern as described in the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual.

    For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --add-user-tag-to "new-installs,?action(install)" will add the tag new-installs to all the packages installed by the safe-upgrade command.

--allow-new-upgrades
    When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed, the action is safe-upgrade, or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), allow the dependency resolver to install upgrades for packages regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Upgrades.

--allow-new-installs
    Allow the safe-upgrade command to install new packages; when the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed, the action is safe-upgrade, or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), allow the dependency resolver to install new packages. This option takes effect regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.

--allow-untrusted
    Install packages from untrusted sources without prompting. You should only use this if you know what you are doing, as it could easily compromise your system's security.

--disable-columns
    This option causes aptitude search and aptitude versions to output their results without any special formatting. In particular: normally aptitude will add whitespace or truncate search results in an attempt to fit its results into vertical 「columns」. With this flag, each line will be formed by replacing any format escapes in the format string with the corresponding text; column widths will be ignored.

    For instance, the first few lines of output from 「aptitude search -F '%p %V' --disable-columns libedataserver」 might be:

        disksearch 1.2.1-3
        hp-search-mac 0.1.3
        libbsearch-ruby 1.5-5
        libbsearch-ruby1.8 1.5-5
        libclass-dbi-abstractsearch-perl 0.07-2
        libdbix-fulltextsearch-perl 0.73-10

    As in the above example, --disable-columns is often useful in combination with a custom display format set using the command-line option -F.

    This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Disable-Columns.

-D, --show-deps
    For commands that will install or remove packages (install, full-upgrade, etc), show brief explanations of automatic installations and removals.

    これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Deps に相当します。

-d, --download-only
    必要に応じてパッケージをパッケージキャッシュにダウンロードしますが、インストールや削除はしません。デフォルトでは、パッケージキャッシュは /var/cache/apt/archives に保存されます。

    これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Download-Only に相当します。

-F <フォーマット>, --display-format <フォーマット>
    Specify the format which should be used to display output from the search and versions commands. For instance, passing 「%p %V %v」 for <format> will display a package's name, followed by its currently installed version and its available version (see the section 「Customizing how packages are displayed」 in the aptitude reference manual for more information).

    The command-line option --disable-columns is often useful in combination with -F.

    For search, this corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Format; for versions, this corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Version-Display-Format.

-f
    コマンドラインで要求されたアクションを無視することになってもなお、破損パッケージの依存関係を修正しようとします。

    これは設定項目 Aptitude::CmdLine::Fix-Broken に相当します。

--full-resolver
    When package dependency problems are encountered, use the default 「full」 resolver to solve them. Unlike the 「safe」 resolver activated by --safe-resolver, the full resolver will happily remove packages to fulfill dependencies. It can resolve more situations than the safe algorithm, but its solutions are more likely to be undesirable.

    This option can be used to force the use of the full resolver even when Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is true. The safe-upgrade command never uses the full resolver and does not accept the --full-resolver option.

--group-by <grouping-mode>
    Control how the versions command groups its output. The following values are recognized:

        • archive to group packages by the archive they occur in (「stable」, 「unstable」, etc). If a package occurs in several archives, it will be displayed in each of them.

        • auto to group versions by their package unless there is exactly one argument and it is not a search pattern.

        • none to display all the versions in a single list without any grouping.

        • package to group versions by their package.

        • source-package to group versions by their source package.

        • source-version to group versions by their source package and source version.

    This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Group-By.

-h, --help
    簡潔なヘルプメッセージを表示します。help アクションと同一です。

--log-file=<file>
    If <file> is a nonempty string, log messages will be written to it, except that if <file> is 「-」, the messages will be written to standard output instead. If this option appears multiple times, the last occurrence is the one that will take effect.

    This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has performed (/var/log/aptitude); the log messages written using this configuration include internal program events, errors, and debugging messages. See the command-line option --log-level to get more control over what gets logged.

    This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Logging::File.

--log-level=<level>, --log-level=<category>:<level>
    --log-level=<level> causes aptitude to only log messages whose level is <level> or higher. For instance, setting the log level to error will cause only messages at the log levels error and fatal to be displayed; all others will be hidden. Valid log levels (in descending order) are off, fatal, error, warn, info, debug, and trace. The default log level is warn.

    --log-level=<category>:<level> causes messages in <category> to only be logged if their level is <level> or higher.

    --log-level may appear multiple times on the command line; the most specific setting is the one that takes effect, so if you pass --log-level=aptitude.resolver:fatal and --log-level=aptitude.resolver.hints.match:trace, then messages in aptitude.resolver.hints.parse will only be printed if their level is fatal, but all messages in aptitude.resolver.hints.match will be printed. If you set the level of the same category two or more times, the last setting is the one that will take effect.

    This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has performed (/var/log/aptitude); the log messages written using this configuration include internal program events, errors, and debugging messages. See the command-line option --log-file to change where log messages go.

    This corresponds to the configuration group Aptitude::Logging::Levels.

--log-resolver
    Set some standard log levels related to the resolver, to produce logging output suitable for processing with automated tools. This is equivalent to the command-line options --log-level=aptitude.resolver.search:trace --log-level=aptitude.resolver.search.tiers:info.

--no-new-installs
    Prevent safe-upgrade from installing any new packages; when the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), forbid the dependency resolver from installing new packages. This option takes effect regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.

    This mimics the historical behavior of apt-get upgrade.

--no-new-upgrades
    When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), forbid the dependency resolver from installing upgrades for packages regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Upgrades.

--no-show-resolver-actions
    Do not display the actions performed by the 「safe」 resolver, overriding any configuration option or earlier --show-resolver-actions.

-O <順序>, --sort <順序>
    Specify the order in which output from the search and versions commands should be displayed. For instance, passing 「installsize」 for <order> will list packages in order according to their size when installed (see the section 「Customizing how packages are sorted」 in the aptitude reference manual for more information).

    The default sort order is name,version.

-o <キー>=<値>
    設定ファイルオプションを直接設定します。例えば -o Aptitude::Log=/tmp/my-log を用いると、aptitude のアクションを /tmp/my-log に記録できます。設定ファイルオプションについてのさらに詳しい情報は、aptitude リファレンスマニュアルの「設定ファイルリファレンス」セクションを参照してください。

-P, --prompt
    Always display a prompt before downloading, installing or removing packages, even when no actions other than those explicitly requested will be performed.

    これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Always-Prompt に相当します。

--purge-unused
    If Aptitude::Delete-Unused is set to 「true」 (its default), then in addition to removing each package that is no longer required by any installed package, aptitude will also purge them, removing their configuration files and perhaps other important data. For more information about which packages are considered to be 「unused」, see the section 「Managing Automatically Installed Packages」 in the aptitude reference manual. THIS OPTION CAN CAUSE DATA LOSS! DO NOT USE IT UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING!

    This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Purge-Unused.

-q[=<n>], --quiet[=<n>]
    すべての進行状況を逐一表示させず、したがって出力を記録可能にします。プログラムの出力をより少なくするために、このオプションを何回も繰り返し与えてもかまいません。しかし apt-get とは異なり、aptitude では、-q を複数回与えた場合は -y を与えることはできません。

    任意で =<n> をつけると、出力の少なさを直接設定できます (例えば、/etc/apt/apt.conf の設定を上書きするのに利用できます)。このときプログラムは、-q をちょうど <n> 回与えたときのように振る舞います。

-R, --without-recommends
    Do not treat recommendations as dependencies when installing new packages (this overrides settings in /etc/apt/apt.conf and ~/.aptitude/config). Packages previously installed due to recommendations will not be removed.

    This corresponds to the pair of configuration options Apt::Install-Recommends and Apt::AutoRemove::InstallRecommends.

-r, --with-recommends
    新しいパッケージをインストールする際に、推奨を依存関係として扱います (これは、/etc/apt/apt.conf および ~/.aptitude/config の設定を上書きします)。

    This corresponds to the configuration option Apt::Install-Recommends

--remove-user-tag <tag>
    For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag <tag> from all packages that are installed, removed, or upgraded by this command as if with the add-user-tag command.

--remove-user-tag-from <tag>,<pattern>
    For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag <tag> from all packages that match <pattern> as if with the remove-user-tag command. The pattern is a search pattern as described in the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual.

    For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --remove-user-tag-from "not-upgraded,?action(upgrade)" will remove the not-upgraded tag from all packages that the safe-upgrade command is able to upgrade.

-s, --simulate
    コマンドラインモードで、通常なら実行されるアクションを、実際には実行せずに表示します。これには root 権限は要りません。ビジュアルインタフェースでは、使用者が root であるかないかに関わらず、常に読み取り専用モードでキャッシュを開きます。

    これは設定オプション Aptitude::Simulate に相当します。

--safe-resolver
    When package dependency problems are encountered, use a 「safe」 algorithm to solve them. This resolver attempts to preserve as many of your choices as possible; it will never remove a package or install a version of a package other than the package's default candidate version. It is the same algorithm used in safe-upgrade; indeed, aptitude --safe-resolver full-upgrade is equivalent to aptitude safe-upgrade. Because safe-upgrade always uses the safe resolver, it does not accept the --safe-resolver flag.

    This option is equivalent to setting the configuration variable Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver to true.

--schedule-only
    パッケージの状態を変化させるコマンドに対して、操作をその場では実行せずに、将来実行するよう設定します。引数を与えずに aptitude install を実行すると、設定されたアクションを実際に行うことができます。これは、ビジュアルモードで相当する選択を行ってからプログラムを正常に終了させるのと等価です。

    例えば、aptitude --schedule-only install evolution を実行すると、evolution パッケージを後でインストールするよう設定できます。

--show-package-names <when>
    Controls when the versions command shows package names. The following settings are allowed:

        • always: display package names every time that aptitude versions runs.

        • auto: display package names when aptitude versions runs if the output is not grouped by package, and either there is a pattern-matching argument or there is more than one argument.

        • never: never display package names in the output of aptitude versions.

    This option corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Show-Package-Names.

--show-resolver-actions
    Display the actions performed by the 「safe」 resolver and by safe-upgrade.

    When executing the command safe-upgrade or when the option --safe-resolver is present, aptitude will display a summary of the actions performed by the resolver before printing the installation preview. This is equivalent to the configuration option Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::Show-Resolver-Actions.

--show-summary[=<MODE>]
    Changes the behavior of 「aptitude why」 to summarize each dependency chain that it outputs, rather than displaying it in long form. If this option is present and <MODE> is not 「no-summary」, chains that contain Suggests dependencies will not be displayed: combine --show-summary with -v to see a summary of all the reasons for the target package to be installed.

    <MODE> can be any one of the following:

        1. no-summary: don't show a summary (the default behavior if --show-summary is not present).

        2. first-package: display the first package in each chain. This is the default value of <MODE> if it is not present.

        3. first-package-and-type: display the first package in each chain, along with the strength of the weakest dependency in the chain.

        4. all-packages: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading to the target package.

        5. all-packages-with-dep-versions: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading to the target package, including the target version of each dependency.

    This option corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary; if --show-summary is present on the command-line, it will override Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary.

    例10 Usage of --show-summary --show-summary used with -v to display all the reasons a package is installed:

        $ aptitude -v --show-summary why foomatic-db
        Packages requiring foomatic-db:
          cupsys-driver-gutenprint
          foomatic-db-engine
          foomatic-db-gutenprint
          foomatic-db-hpijs
          foomatic-filters-ppds
          foomatic-gui
          kde
          printconf
          wine
        $ aptitude -v --show-summary=first-package-and-type why foomatic-db
        Packages requiring foomatic-db:
          [Depends] cupsys-driver-gutenprint
          [Depends] foomatic-db-engine
          [Depends] foomatic-db-gutenprint
          [Depends] foomatic-db-hpijs
          [Depends] foomatic-filters-ppds
          [Depends] foomatic-gui
          [Depends] kde
          [Depends] printconf
          [Depends] wine
        $ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages why foomatic-db
        Packages requiring foomatic-db:
          cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
          foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
          kde D: kdeadmin R: system-config-printer-kde D: system-config-printer R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
          wine D: libwine-print D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
          foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
          foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db
          foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db
          foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
          printconf D: foomatic-db
        $ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages-with-dep-versions why foomatic-db
        Packages requiring foomatic-db:
          cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint (>= 5.0.2-4) D: cups (>= 1.3.0) R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
          foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
          kde D: kdeadmin (>= 4:3.5.5) R: system-config-printer-kde (>= 4:4.2.2-1) D: system-config-printer (>= 1.0.0) R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
          wine D: libwine-print (= 1.1.15-1) D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
          foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
          foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db
          foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db
          foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic (>= 0.7.9.2) D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
          printconf D: foomatic-db

    --show-summary used to list a chain on one line:

        $ aptitude --show-summary=all-packages why aptitude-gtk libglib2.0-data
        Packages requiring libglib2.0-data:
          aptitude-gtk D: libglib2.0-0 R: libglib2.0-data

-t <リリース>, --target-release <リリース>
    インストールするパッケージが基づくリリースを設定します。例えば、「aptitude -t experimental ...」とすると、他のリリースを明示的に指定しないかぎり experimental ディストリビューションからパッケージをインストールします。コマンドラインアクション「changelog」および「download」、「show」に対しては、これは、コマンドラインに名前を連ねられた各パッケージに /<リリース> を付記するのと等価です。それ以外のコマンドに対しては、これは、apt_preferences(5) で説明されている規則に従って、パッケージのデフォルトのバージョン候補に影響します。

    これは設定項目 APT::Default-Release に相当します。

-V, --show-versions
    パッケージのどのバージョンがインストールされるか表示します。

    これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Versions に相当します。

-v, --verbose
    いくつかのコマンド (例えば show) が付加的な情報を表示するようにします。さらに詳しい情報を得るために、このオプションを何回も繰り返し与えてもかまいません。

    これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose に相当します。

--version
    aptitude のバージョンや、そのコンパイル方法に関する情報を表示します。

--visual-preview
    コマンドラインからパッケージのインストールや削除を行うときに、通常のプロンプトを表示する代わりに、ビジュアルインタフェースを立ち上げてそのプレビュー画面を表示します。

-W, --show-why
    In the preview displayed before packages are installed or removed, show which manually installed package requires each automatically installed package. For instance:

        $ aptitude --show-why install mediawiki
        ...
        The following NEW packages will be installed:
          libapache2-mod-php5{a} (for mediawiki)  mediawiki  php5{a} (for mediawiki)
          php5-cli{a} (for mediawiki)  php5-common{a} (for mediawiki)
          php5-mysql{a} (for mediawiki)

    When combined with -v or a non-zero value for Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose, this displays the entire chain of dependencies that lead each package to be installed. For instance:

        $ aptitude -v --show-why install libdb4.2-dev
        The following NEW packages will be installed:
          libdb4.2{a} (libdb4.2-dev D: libdb4.2)  libdb4.2-dev
        The following packages will be REMOVED:
          libdb4.4-dev{a} (libdb4.2-dev C: libdb-dev P<- libdb-dev)

    This option will also describe why packages are being removed, as shown above. In this example, libdb4.2-dev conflicts with libdb-dev, which is provided by libdb-dev.

    This argument corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Why and displays the same information that is computed by aptitude why and aptitude why-not.

-w <幅>, --width <幅>
    search コマンドからの出力に用いられる画面の幅を指定します (デフォルトではターミナルの幅が用いられます)。

    これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Width に相当します。

-y, --assume-yes
    yes/no プロンプトが表示されたときにユーザが「yes」と入力したと仮定します。特に、パッケージをインストール・更新・削除するときに現れるプロンプトを隠します。必須パッケージの削除などといった「危険な」アクションに対するプロンプトはそのまま表示され続けます。このオプションは -P を上書きします。

    これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Assume-Yes に相当します。

-Z
    インストール・更新・削除される各パッケージがどの程度のディスク領域を使用または解放するかを表示します。

    これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Size-Changes に相当します。

以下のオプションがプログラムのビジュアルモードに適用できますが、これらは主に内部で使用するためのものです。あなたがこれらを自分で使う必要は、通常はありません。

--autoclean-on-startup
    Deletes old downloaded files when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and immediately selecting Actions → Clean obsolete files). You cannot use this option and 「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「-i」, or 「-u」 at the same time.

--clean-on-startup
    Cleans the package cache when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and immediately selecting Actions → Clean package cache). You cannot use this option and 「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「-i」, or 「-u」 at the same time.

-i
    Displays a download preview when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and immediately pressing 「g」). You cannot use this option and 「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「--clean-on-startup」, or 「-u」 at the same time.

-S <ファイル名>
    標準の状態ファイルではなく <ファイル名> から拡張状態情報をロードします。

-u
    Begins updating the package lists as soon as the program starts. You cannot use this option and 「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「--clean-on-startup」, or 「-i」 at the same time.

環境変数

HOME
    If $HOME/.aptitude exists, aptitude will store its configuration file in $HOME/.aptitude/config. Otherwise, it will look up the current user's home directory using getpwuid(2) and place its configuration file there.

PAGER
    「aptitude changelog」が呼び出されたときに、この環境変数が設定されていると、aptitude は更新履歴を表示するのにそれを用います。設定されていない場合のデフォルトは more です。

TMP
    TMPDIR が設定されていなく TMP が設定されている場合、aptitude は TMP に一時ファイルを保存します。そうでない場合は /tmp に保存します。

TMPDIR
    この環境変数で示される一時ディレクトリに aptitude は一時ファイルを保存します。TMPDIR が設定されていない場合、TMP が使用されます。TMP も設定されていない場合、aptitude は /tmp を使用します。

FILES

/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates
    The file in which stored package states and some package flags are stored.

/etc/apt/apt.conf, /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/*, ~/.aptitude/config
    The configuration files for aptitude. ~/.aptitude/config overrides /etc/apt/apt.conf. See apt.conf(5) for documentation of the format and contents of these files.

SEE ALSO

apt-get(8), apt(8), aptitude-doc-<言語> パッケージの /usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/<言語>/index.html

著者

Burrows Daniel[FAMILY Given] <dburrows@debian.org>
    著者.

製作著作

Copyright 2004-2011 Daniel Burrows.

This manual page is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.